Before the Citizens United ruling, which factor on tributes to the rapid increase in the number and influence of PACs on campaigns?
A.) the strict limitation of independent expenditures by PACs
B.) a law requiring the formation of PACs by an entity that does business with the federal government
C.) a court case determining that campaign contributions are a form of speech
D.) an FEC ruling that corporate contributions are unlimited free speech
Answer: C.) a court case determining that campaign contributions are a form of speech
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The Thirty Years' War was a hybrid in the sense that
a. it involved a decline in nationalism but a rise of the territorial state. b. it was a war partly of both feudalism and the territorial state. c. it was the last of the major wars fought over religion and one of the first based in large part on nationalist forces. d. it fragmented political units but brought about conditions for the modern state system. e. it improved the control of absolutist monarchies but planted the seeds for the rise of parliaments and democratic governments.
Which of the following was a reason why it made sense to begin European integration with the Coal and Steel Community?
A) Coal and steel were crucial to European recovery. B) Coal and steel are instrumental for war. C) Timber and steel were crucial for European growth. D) France and Denmark had been longstanding enemies and did not trust each other.