The first element of an effective conclusion is to ________

In her speech advocating volunteering, Clarissa remarked, "By volunteering you get a chance to

become more than a spectator in your city; you gain a sense of community spirit and start to see yourself as part of a community of neighbors and friends." Clarissa has made a motivational appeal based primarily on the need for A) belonging. B) self-esteem. C) self-actualization. D) safety.

Because of the rise of social media, public relations practitioners must

A) listen to facilitate conversations between organizations and their constituents. B) start using strategic planning tools. C) rely more on formal opinion leaders. D) use more news releases to sell products and services. E) none of the above.