Briefly describe Brainerd and Reyna's fuzzy trace theory and the results of their research on it
What will be an ideal response?
A good answer will include the following key points:
According to fuzzy trace theory, most experiences can be stored in memory exactly (verbatim) or in terms of their basic meaning (gist). Brainerd and Reyna hypothesized that some memory errors depend on gist processing, and that if older children and adolescents are biased to gist processing, they should be more prone to those errors than young children. Results indicated that false memories — remembering a word that was never presented — were rare in young children, but more common in older children and much more frequent in adults. These results are consistent with fuzzy trace theory.
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An academic researcher would use the case study method for a research study when:
a. a new discovery has been made regarding a cause-and-effect relationship. b. the relationship between two variables needs to be established. c. ethical considerations prevent the usage of other sources of information. d. the purpose of the research is to track down a cause.
Piaget argued that the first reactions by newborns were a. indicators of an innate understanding of appearance as reality. b. abstract
c. indicators of an innate understanding of object permanence. d. reflexive.