Which of the following are culturally based markers that signify an individual's departure from childhood and his or her entrance into adolescence?

Sandra is watching some of her classmates on the play ground. They have become rowdy and

are hitting each other with the jump ropes. The recess monitor intervenes and the children are placed into time-out as Sandra watches. The next day when the jump ropes are distributed at recess, Sandra is careful to use them to jump. This is an example of a. classical conditioning. b. operant conditioning. c. the ego. d. observational learning.

People are LESS likely to use simplifying cognitive strategies when

A) the situation confirms their expectations. B) they are in a complex situation. C) their expectations do not fit with the current situation. D) they are physiologically aroused.