Most descriptive content analysis relies on_____ validity

Groups that are particularly vulnerable to groupthink have all BUT ONE of the following characteristics:

A. they are highly cohesive B. they have an autocratic leadership style C. they have a high need for affiliation D. they are a strongly homogenous group

Misha takes his daughter Tatiana to the mall. He notices a group of rough-looking youths who are swearing and wrestling in front of one store, but Tatiana does not see them. Misha puts his hand on Tatiana's shoulder and gently guides her to the other side of the walkway so as to avoid the group. Misha is using ________ touch to protect his daughter.

A. aggressive B. affectionate C. power and control D. caregiving