The ________ theory of forgetting proposes that memory fades with time and lack of use

Suppose your friend Ellen has lost the back to her earring. She looks around her room, picks up a pencil, removes the eraser, and uses the eraser as a substitute for the missing part. According to the chapter on problem solving, Ellen

a. has solved an ill-defined problem. b. is too heavily guided by mental set. c. has focused on the initial state. d. has overcome functional fixedness.

A key aspect of an experiment is the requirement that researchers

a. use correlational methods. b. manipulate one variable to see its effect on another variable. c. replicate their findings. d. publish their results in a scientific journal. e. provide some sort of placebo.