What does the speaker do during the refinement phase of topic selection?

Which of the following is the example of a "bottom-up effect" regarding cultural identification?

a. Women have challenged their traditional "power-less" position in society through feminist movements b. Sociopolitical and economic status of African Americans has changed since civilright movement in the U.S. c. Both a and b d. Neither of them

3G networks will make it possible to send full-color video through your cell phone

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.