In what year did the Soviet Union squash the "spring movement" in Czechoslovakia?

When we say "if X happens, then Y will result," we are a. engaging in scientific analysis

b. utilizing causal theory. c. stating a hypothesis. d. stating a relationship between a dependent variable and an independent variable. e. all of these.

After the 1979 ____________ invasion of ____________ Muslim guerrillas--mujahideen--took up arms against the invader.

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).