Nearly half of the publicly held U.S. federal debt are held by foreigners

A dominant firm's residual demand curve is

A) the horizontal difference between the market demand curve and the supply curve of the fringe firms. B) the vertical difference between the market demand curve and the supply curve of the fringe firms. C) the demand curve left for the fringe firms after the dominant firm has determined an output level. D) None of the above.

The motivating force behind an increase in supply in a long-run adjustment to equilibrium is

a. lower prices. b. economic profits that are present in the short run. c. higher profit expectations among owners of firms in the industry, triggered by increased prices. d. normal profits witnessed by individuals outside the industry that trigger entry. e. the decreases in average cost that can be obtained through economies of scale.