In the H-H equation, what value can be substituted for carbonic acid?

The flexion withdrawal–crossed extension reflex elicits all of the following except

a. Excitatory ipsilateral flexion b. Excitatory contralateral flexion c. Inhibitory ipsilateral extension d. Inhibitory contralateral flexion

A geriatric patient's cardiovascular response to stress, illness, and injury is different than that of younger patients. Which of the following statements is false?

a. As the heart ages, the ventricles become stiffer. b .The volume of blood in the body decreases in geriatric patients. c. The heart slows due to decreased electrical conductivity in geriatric patients. d. Blood vessels become stiffer from atherosclerosis in geriatric patients.