Also known as grassroots lobbying, ______ lobbying focuses on reaching constituents and mobilizing them to pressure their representatives rather than pressuring the representatives directly.

The __________ is the formal structure of the political party that sets rules for party operations, pursues electoral victories, and keeps the party running between elections

a. party as an organization b. party as provider c. party in the electorate d. party in government

A phenomenon that occurs during crises when Americans tend to support the president and his policies is called the

a. boosting trend. b. crisis doctrine. c. national security phenomenon. d. patriotism effect. e. rally effect.