Andre sometimes will wake himself up because his body jerks as he is drifting off to sleep and he says it feels like he is falling. Researchers refer to this bodily sensation as a __________

Betty is a smoker. She realizes that smoking is bad for her: however, she also feels being overweight is equally bad, and smoking helps her keep her weight down, so she chooses to continue. Betty is engaging in the reduction of __________

a) cognitive dissonance. b) persuasion. c) altruism. d) rationalization.

According to Izard and other emotional researchers, which of the following statements is FALSE?

a. Izard believes that emotions are "hard­wired" by heredity and related to evolution. b. Smiling is one of a baby's most common reactions. c. Smiling probably helps babies survive by inviting parents to care for them. d. Izard believes that infants can express several basic emotions as early as two weeks of age.