According to social-exchange theory, an individual's decision to help (or not help) another person depends primarily on
A) the intrinsic personality of the individual.
B) the appearance of the person in need of help.
C) the monetary reward associated with providing help.
D) the likely costs and benefits to the individual if they provide help.
Answer: D
Rationale: Social-exchange theory is an approach in which an individual considers the costs and benefits of helping another before he or she acts. While the costs and benefits can sometimes be monetary, they are often less tangible things, such as positive feelings for helping or social disapproval for not helping.
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Failure to consciously perceive something you are looking at because your attention is directed elsewhere is called ___________
A) sensory overload B) selective attention C) inattentional blindness D) divided attention
F. C. Donders developed his technique for studying mental processes more than 130 years ago. Which statement best describes the role his methodology plays in the research of cognitive psychologists today?
a. Donders's methods are only used in research with animals today. b. Donders's basic premise, that mental steps require time, is believed to be incorrect. c. Researchers still follow Donders's basic logic. d. Researchers use Donders's methodology for stimulus categorization, but not for response selection.