Which of the following is offered the least protection under the First Amendment freedom of speech?

According to the Supreme Court decisions in Bakke, Gratz, and Grutter, what sorts of affirmative action programs for admission to public universities are permissible, and what sorts are not?

Answer:

James Madison, writing in the Federalist papers, suggested that relief from the self-interested advocacy of factions would be provided by:

a. regulating factions' activities by passing strict laws limiting them. b. making factionalism a criminal offense. c. replacing factions with political parties. d. a democratic republic in which government would mediate among opposing factions. e. increased power and control for factional alliances.