Cause-and-effect relationships regarding human behavior are determined through the use of which of the following research methods?

Researchers who see development as occurring in distinct steps or stages believe change is

a. radical. c. discontinuous. b. liberal. d. continuous.

There is widespread support among scholars for the proposition that the stage of formal operations constitutes a universal human potential, but ____

a. only a very small and select group of elite humans have this potential b. no one can figure out how to test this hypothesis c. there is very little support for this position d. the form it takes depends on the kinds of cognitive requirements people in that culture face