James hypothesized that one's reasoning abilities and belief systems are strongly influenced by one's emotions and desires

According to the chapter Tokens Against Aggressionabout the use of a token economy in a psychiatric

hospital, a system in which tokens are earned for desired behavior that can be redeemed for rewards is called a: (a) operant contingency (b) token economy (c) reinforcement contingency (d) goods and exchange system

Which of the following best describes Kohlberg's Stage 6: universal ethical principles orientation?

a. Moral judgments are explained by reference to concepts such as social order, law, and justice. b. The person has developed an independent moral code based on universal principles. c. The person reasoning at this stage views society's laws and rules as important, but also sees it as important to question them. d. Care of and loyalty to others is important and it is seen as good to conform to what others expect in a certain role.