State-dependent learning is superior retrieval of information when the organism
A) is highly motivated to perform.
B) stores information while very emotional.
C) is very relaxed.
D) is in the same state as it was during encoding.
Answer: D
Rationale: Retrieval is more effective when internal conditions—such as heart rate and arousal (physiological state)—match those experienced during encoding. This is known as state-dependent learning.
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Steven is a two-and-a-half-year-old child who is beginning to unify the good and the bad aspects of his mother with the image of her as a separate entity in the external world. He is also beginning to develop a stable sense of "me." Mahler would describe Steven as in the _____ phase of the separation-individuation process.
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