Determination of civil liberties has shifted from the nearly exclusive jurisdiction of states and communities to the national government.

Presidential appointees in the federal bureaucracy __________

a. may remain in office until there is a new party majority in Congress b. generally leave their post at the end of the president's term in office c. often remain in office despite political changes d. serve fixed terms of office lasting two years

States have actually exceeded federal environmental rules for all of the following reasons except

a. The political strength of 'green' interest groups b. supportive public opinion for tougher environmental standards c. the lobbying power of state Chanbers of Commerce and other business interests d. the ability to convert a pro-environment political climate into legislative action