One of the best ways to minimize measurement error is to

Which of the following statements is true with regard to the status of women in Islam?

A. The relative weakness of democracy in Islam is clearly attributed to the subordination of women in some Islamic countries. B. The sex-ratio of the Islamic nations shows women outnumbering men consistently. C. The female subordination seen in Islam is a consequence of the religion mandating non-democracy. D. The mistreatment and subordination of women varies widely across different Islamic societies. E. Gender relations in Islam, like in any other religion, have a minimal impact on political scenarios.

Which of the following statements accurately portrays Richard Hofstadter’s interpretation of the founders?

a. The founders supported universal participation in politics. b. The founders put great emphasis on states’ rights over federal supremacy. c. The founders supported majoritarian democracy, which could be achieved through integrated political institutions and responsible parties. d. The founders preferred to limit political participation to those with a necessary stake in society—property owners.