Everything else held constant, an increase in the required reserve ratio on checkable deposits causes the M1 money multiplier to ________ and the money supply to ________

If a good is nonexcludable,

a. the providing it is Pareto optimal b. people have an incentive to become free riders on that good c. then it is probably also nonrival d. then it is a pure public good e. then it is a pure private good

Which of the following is NOT a deficit item on the international accounts balance sheet for a country?

A) imports of merchandise B) military spending abroad C) purchases of foreign currency D) exports of merchandise