The core of personality is shaped by early learning experiences and by social reinforcement, according to which view of development?

Child abuse is more likely

A) in affluent households than households in poverty. B) against one's own offspring in comparison to stepchildren. C) in two-parent households than one-parent households. D) when there is a history of violence against spouses.

Diagnostic systems allow clinicians and scientists to:

a) conduct psychotherapy. b) communicate accurately with one another about cases and research. c) understand the role of cultural bias. d) all of the above.