Imitation and other generalized responses occur because some of the stimuli that are
produced by another person's behavior
a. are novel; that is, they have never been observed previously by the person who is
observing.
b. produce both unconditioned and conditioned reinforcers.
c. are the same as those stimuli produced when the observer engages in the behavior.
d. were previously punishing but are now reinforcing.
e. are contingency-governed rather than being rule-governed.
c. are the same as those stimuli produced when the observer engages in the behavior.
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What is the most controversial issue concerning bilingualism and age of acquisition?
a. Can adult bilinguals acquire pragmatic competence in their second language? b. Are adults and children equally talented in acquiring new vocabulary words in a second language? c. With respect to the mastery of phonology, do people who acquired a second language as adults differ from people who acquired a second language as children? d. With respect to the mastery of grammar, do people who acquired a second language as adults differ from people who acquired a second language as children?
A measure of central tendency is used to
a. characterize or represent many observations. b. compare the differences in two sets of observations. c. identify each observation in a set of observations. d. calculate the amount of variability around the mean of a set of observations. e. determine the highest and lowest scores in a set of observations.