The problem created by asymmetric information before the transaction occurs is called ________, while the problem created after the transaction occurs is called ________

Personal income taxes and transfer payments

A) acts as automatic stabilizers. B) magnify fluctuations in GDP. C) are discretionary fiscal policy tools only. D) are influenced by monetary policy.

All of the following groups benefited from immigration to the U.S. in the late 19th and early 20th century except

a. steamship companies b. mining companies c. manufacturing companies d. railroads e. All of the above benefited from immigration.