A car crash woke John from his afternoon nap. When he looked out his apartment window, he saw several people milling around two smashed cars. He decided not to dial 911 because he assumed someone had already called. John's reaction is an example of
A) the bystander effect.
B) pluralistic compliance.
C) obedience to authority.
D) conformity to social norms.
Answer: A
Rationale: The bystander effect occurs when an individual in a group does not provide help, either because the person believes someone else will help or because the other people in the group are not helping either.
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A "scalloped" response pattern is typical of which type of reinforcement schedule?
a. fixed-ratio b. fixed-interval c. variable-ratio d. variable-interval e. continuous
Jeremy is faced with a dilemma about how to find a more efficient way to manage his business. His secretary, who has been working for him for a long time, is making many errors and missing days of work due to family illness. He thinks he should fire her, but she knows a lot about his business and has been a loyal employee. He is trying to find a solution that combines logic, compassion, and practicality. What kind of cognitive capacity does he need?
a. Postformal reasoning b. Crystallized intelligence c. Short-term memory d. Concrete operational thought