The process by which productivity raises the average standard of living is referred to as

Fire protection is a

a. club good, because it is excludable but not rival in consumption. b. club good, because it is rival in consumption but not excludable. c. a public good, because it is excludable but not rival in consumption. d. a public good, because it is rival in consumption but not excludable.

Which of the following would likely have the smallest deadweight loss relative to the tax revenue?

a. a head tax (that is, a tax everyone must pay regardless of what one does or buys) b. an income tax c. a tax on compact discs d. a tax on caviar