A relatively small percentage of older adults living in the community experience urinary incontinence. But among older people living in nursing homes, how many have urinary incontinence?

Dr. Zelke surveys 50 university students to discover the relationship between textbook price and ratings of readability. Dr. Zelke finds that for these two variables the correlation coefficient is -0.70 . This indicates that

a. more expensive books tend to receive higher readability ratings than less expensive books. b. there is no relationship between textbook price and ratings of readability. c. increasing a textbook's price will cause a decrease in its readability rating. d. more expensive books tend to receive lower readability ratings than less expensive books.

Scales of measurement are important because

a. they influence the kinds of statistical tests we will use in at least a crude way. b. they reflect the kinds of statements we may make about relationships between points on the scale. c. they limit the kinds of conclusions we can draw from a study. d. all of the above