Which of the following doctrines reinforced the United States' tendency toward isolationism in the early 1800s?

According to the Constitution, the electors in the Electoral College shall be appointed

a. by the Congress. b. by random drawing in a lottery. c. in a manner to be determined by the state legislatures. d. by voters in an election. e. by the House of Representatives.

In its ruling in the Bakke case, the Supreme Court held that

A) affirmative action laws in any form are unconstitutional because they constitute a form of "reverse discrimination." B) Allan Bakke has no right to be admitted to the medical school of the University of California at Davis. C) affirmative action plans to protect recently hired black employees must yield to seniority when layoffs are necessary. D) none of the above. E) money should not be a limitation in attempting to enter a university.