The Vietnam-era twin study suggests that a person with a smaller ________ was more likely to develop PTSD after a combat experience

Which approach to the study of development views one's early experiences as a more critical period than later (e.g., adult) experiences?

a. functionalism b. behaviorism c. psychodynamic d. life span

Freud's theory stressed that "neurosis" and "hysteria" were caused by repressed memories, motives, and conflicts with these hidden forces remaining active in the personality and causing people to develop

a. learned helplessness. b. rigid ego-defenses and compulsive, self-defeating behavior. c. incongruence between the real self and the ideal self. d. a loss of meaning in their lives so their self-awareness becomes disjointed.