Chemicals that retard behavior and thinking by either speeding up or slowing down nerve impulses are known as _______

What has science suggested is the reason for the rapid eye movement that occurs in human beings while they are experiencing vivid dreams?

a. Dreams are visual in nature, and the eyes are responding to these intrapsychic images. This explains why even blind people experience the rapid eye movements of REM sleep. b. Dreams are mediated by the frontal lobes of the cerebrum, which are located just behind and above the eyes. This explains why most of the eye movements are directed upward. c. Rapid eye movement is a leftover reflex from an early stage of human development, when the eyelids were transparent nictitating membranes that allowed us to continue "seeing" (through our eyelids) while we slept. This allowed us to unconsciously monitor our surroundings for predators. d. The eye movements of REM sleep are the result of an overflow to the active nervous system.

Which school of thought brought the study of animals to psychology and also promoted educational psychology and industrial psychology?

a. structuralism b. functionalism c. humanistic psychology d. Gestalt psychology