Which of the following is an institutional constraint that encourages the two major political parties to operate as "big tents"?

a. Multimember districts
b. Proportional representation
c. Closed primaries
d. Direct and open primaries

d

Political Science

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Which individual was NOT one of the "Big Four" African Americans who shaped the civil rights struggle in the 1950s and 1960s?

A) Wiley Bishop B) Martin Luther King, Jr. C) Whitney Young D) Roy Wilkins

Political Science

The acme of the Arab Spring was a revolution in _______ that overthrew its pro-American president.

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

Political Science