Early in the twentieth century, William McDougal and others proposed that motivation was a result of ________

Jane is just learning to ride a tricycle. While riding on the sidewalk the surface changes from smooth concrete to bumpy brick. Jane is unsure if she should continue and looks at her mother who is smiling and urging her forward. This is an example of:

a. encouragement b. scaffolding c. social referencing d. theory of mind

Which of the following statements regarding the Institutional Review Board is not true?

A) The primary role of the IRB is to ensure researcher compliance with federal regulations regarding the protection of human research participants. B) IRB oversight for institutional research is required at any institution that receives federal funding. C) To protect the rights of researchers, the IRB membership is solely comprised of researchers. D) There are government restrictions and regulations regarding IRB membership.