The current spot exchange rate between the Japanese yen and the U.S. dollar is 84.61 Y/US$. The yen is expected to appreciate by 4% against the dollar over the next year

Which of the following is a drawback of the bureaucratic approach to management?

A. Production tasks are reduced to machine-like movements that lead to boredom. B. This approach may not help managers deal with competitors and government regulations. C. This approach does not accommodate rapid decision making and flexibility. D. This approach emphasizes only money as a worker incentive. E. This approach ensures that all employees perform their best with excessive rules and regulations.

The procurement process for both direct and indirect materials should work on

A) improving coordination and visibility with the supplier. B) decreasing the transaction cost for each order. C) consolidation of orders to take advantage of economies of scale and quantity discounts. D) minimizing communication with the supplier.