By 1498, ________ had navigated around Southern Africa to establish Portuguese trading posts in India.

Compare the Cross page, from the Lindisfarne Gospels (10.5) to the Chi Rho Iota page from the Gospel of Matthew, Book of Kells (10.8)

a. Both do not use symbols. b. Both include Greek and Roman elements. c. Both have sparse decoration. d. Both are highly ornamental.

What is one characteristic that is typical of central Italian Mannerism?

a)  pictorial strangeness b)  chiaroscuro c)  nudes d)  religious subjects