National supremacy refers to ________

A. the legal process whereby an alleged criminal offender is surrendered by the officials of one state to officials of the state in which the crime is alleged to have been committed
B. a constitutional doctrine that whenever conflict occurs between the constitutionally authorized actions of the national government and those of a state or local government, the actions of the national government prevail
C. a strict separation of powers between the national and state governments in which each layer has its own responsibilities, and reigns supreme within its constitutional realm
D. the powers of the national government in foreign affairs that, according to the Supreme Court, do not depend on constitutional grants but rather grow out of the national government's obligation to protect the nation from domestic and foreign threats
E. a constitutional arrangement in which sovereign nations or states, by compact, create a central government but carefully limit its power and do not give it direct authority over individuals

B