If a decline in a security's value is judged to be temporary, a company needs to write down the cost basis of the individual security to a new cost basis

For a typical capital investment project, the bulk of the investment-related cash outflow occurs:

a. During the initiation stage of the project (i.e., at time period 0). b. During the operation stage of the project (i.e., after time period 0). c. Either during the initiation stage or the operation stage. d. During neither the initiation stage nor the operation stage. e. Evenly during all three stages: initiation, operation, and final disposal.

Research approaches, contact methods, sampling plans, and research instruments are decisions that need to be made in the ______ data collection process.

A. secondary B. primary C. external D. internal