One important point discussed at the beginning of Chapter 5 is that females and males typically have overlapping distributions for their scores on cognitive tests. Which of the following statements is not a reasonable conclusion from this finding?
a. Many males and females receive similar scores.
b. You can often find a male-female pair whose scores are the reverse of the general trend.
c. The samples are likely to be biased.
d. The variability within each group is usually larger than the size of the gender difference.
C
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People with a good __________ are less likely to die from illness or injuries than those without it
a) occupation b) camaraderie c) income d) social support system
Strayer and Johnston were investigating the link between cell phone use and the ability to react to environmental stimuli. While the participants tracked a moving target using a joystick, they were required to press a button each time a red light flashed at random points on a computer screen. While completing the task, one group used a hand-held cell phone to carry on a conversation, one group
used a hands-free cell phone, and one group was not engaged in any conversation. The researchers measured the time that elapsed between the appearance of the red light and the button press. The results from this study suggested that compared to the group that was not engaged in any conversation, people engaged in a cell phone conversation: a. detected the red light each time it was present, but were slower to react to the red light b. failed to detect the red light more often, but had equally quick reaction times when the red light was detected c. only showed slower reactions times if they were using a hand-held cell phone d. failed to detect the red light more often, and were slower to react to the red light when it was detected