By what age will a child demonstrate coordination of secondary schemes?

What will a psychologist do in the "shaping" procedure to train a response? a. Electrically stimulate the brain areas responsible for the response. b. Start by reinforcing a simple first step in the response

c. Hold the rat's paws in the position necessary to make the response. d. Deprive the animal of food and water until it makes the response.

Difficulty in managing ADLs increases markedly after age 85 . Which of the following is a leading factor in postindustrial countries?

a. Biological changes b. Malnutrition c. A sedentary lifestyle d. Diseases