In sensory memory research, the advantage in recall of the last few items in a list when those items have been presented orally rather than visually is referred to as __________

When Sasha was teasing the dog, it bit her. As a result, she no longer teases the dog. The consequence for Sasha's behavior of teasing the dog was the ______ of a stimulus, and the teasing behavior subsequently ____ in frequency; therefore, this is an example of ______ _____.

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

Researchers have usually found that __________

a) females score higher on tests of verbal ability than males. b) males score higher on tests of verbal ability than females. c) there is no difference between males and females on tests of verbal ability. d) verbal ability differences between males and females are due to differential watching of talk shows.