Summarize the evidence concerning the physiological differences among emotions. What difficulty is associated with studying the physiological distinctiveness of emotions?
What will be an ideal response?
* Anger is often associated with cardiovascular changes.
* Heart rate increases with anger, fear, and sadness, but decreases with disgust.
* Compared to anger, fear is associated with lower blood pressure and surface temperature and less blood flow to the periphery of the body.
* Many physiological findings have also been found in other cultures.
* Blushing is a particular reaction associated with different emotional states in which the capillaries in your cheeks, ears, neck, and upper chest fill with blood, raising the temperature and making your skin feel hot.
* Emotions are generally short-lived, making their physiological reactions difficult to study.
* Every emotion does not have a unique physiological response associated with it, but some emotions do differ from one another in consistent ways.
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Imagine that Carl Rogers is on a talk show handling questions about child-rearing practices. A parent calls in and asks how he should handle his son, who deliberately pushed another child off a bicycle. Carl Rogers would most likely advise the parent to
a. push the child off his own bicycle, to show him how it feels. b. tell the child, "Go to your room without supper." c. tell the child, "Daddy and I don't like you because you are bad." d. tell the child, "Trying to hurt another child is a bad thing to do."
Piaget's Substage 3: Secondary circular reactions stage occurs for infants in the age range of
a) 1-6 months of age. b) 1-8 months of age. c) 1-4 months of age. d) 4-8 months of age.