Very young children have fairly clear conceptions of their personal qualities and what they do or don't do well

Your classmate has a son who just turned 4, whom she disciplines with physical punishment quite a lot

It appears to her that she is not being very effective in her discipline style and asks you your opinion regarding physical punishment. Citing research, you tell her that longitudinal research has discovered that physical punishment is associated with ____, though outcomes vary depending on cultural context. a. bullying and delinquency in the teens and spousal abuse in adulthood b. strong will and character in adulthood c. development of self-control and educational attainment in adulthood d. severe psychological problems including psychosis

If the synaptic growth slows in the second year in the frontal lobe, deficits may be seen in which of the following ways?

a. problems in reasoning, planning and creativity. b. problems with short and long-term memory. c. lack of development in hearing and vision. d. lack of balance and coordination.