In the late 1800s, voter turnout in a typical presidential election has been estimated to be

If a researcher uses an established dependent measure she

A) does not need to evaluate reliability and validity data. B) should create her own measure as a manipulation check. C) should still evaluate reliability and validity data. D) should obtain permission to use the measure from its author.

Ideological conservatives primarily support

a. smaller government, stronger property rights, less regulation of the economy, and a decreased emphasis on income redistribution. b. limited government while maintaining social welfare protections. c. a minimal role for government in all aspects of people's lives, including social issues. d. the return to a more traditional society, including the undoing of reforms meant to empower the lower classes. e. protection from the cultural influences of globalization.