Which of the following statements is true about the characteristics of observers that influence modeling?
a. Older children are reinforced primarily by physical stimuli such as food, affection, and punishment.
c. Because of immediate imitation during infancy, reiterations of modeled behavior are unnecessary.
b. The set of behaviors we choose to imitate stay constant during our lifetime.
d. The probability of imitation of a modeled behavior is inversely proportional to self-esteem of the observer.
ANS: D
FEEDBACK: The attributes of the observers also determine the effectiveness of observational learning. People who are low in self-confidence and self-esteem are much more likely to imitate a model's behavior than are people high in self-confidence and self-esteem.
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Follow-up research on Piaget's theory indicates that children
A) regard adults with unquestioning respect. B) do not regard adults with unquestioning respect. C) cannot discriminate between truthfulness and lying until the end of elementary school. D) do not develop differential notions about the legitimacy of authority figures until the age of 10.
__________ age is defined as the infant's age, measured in weeks, after conception
Fill in the blanks with correct word