Which of the following are factors that are typically stressed by the liberal or identity perspectives but are sometimes added to realist arguments to explain outcomes? (Choose all that apply.)

Gated communities exemplify:

A. minimum security prisons. B. redlining. C. exclusionary housing. D. downtown housing.

General foreign policy decisions usually involve

a. a relatively few number of high level government officials. b. a large number of medium-level officials interacting with one or two of the high-level government officials. c. the general public. d. members of the President's Cabinet.