Which of the following quasi-experimental within-subjects research designs represents the strategy of testing the same individuals repeatedly over a long period of time, and age of the subjects represents the independent variable?

According to Piaget, the stage at which people develop the ability to think abstractly is the

a. sensorimotor stage. c. concrete operational stage. b. preoperational stage. d. formal operational stage.

You look up the phone number of your favorite pizza maker and say it over and over to yourself as you walk across the room to the phone. Before you reach the phone, your roommate bursts in and exclaims, “Look at this—it's the new Beck album!” “Cool!” you reply. Then you become frustrated because you cannot remember the phone number. This is most likely due to the process of ____.?

a. ?decay b. ?proactive inhibition c. ?selective attention d. ?the primacy effect