If it can be measured using numbers, it can be __________

Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. According to the FBI's Uniform Crime Report (UCR), crime has increased in the United States over the last two decades 2. The goal of the crime control model is to protect individual rights 3. The garbage can model holds that output of the policy process becomes more complicated and "messier" than the initial input 4. A critique of the iron triangles model is that it focuses on only a few of the policy participants, while ignoring the many others 5. Gun ownership remains widespread, but a smaller percentage of gun owners possess an increasing percentage of the gun stock

In the context of extraneous variables, "history" refers to

a. events that can influence the dependent variable, that occur between the first and second measurement of that variable. b. events that can influence how accurately one can control the independent variable. c. differences in participants' knowledge of the subject matter of the experiment in which they are participating. d. biases brought to the study by one pre-selected group and not another.