Identify and explain the three primary standards that may be used in designing performance appraisal standards

What will be an ideal response?

Answer: Traits, behaviors, and competencies are often used as PA standards. Traits represent an individual's predisposition to think, feel, and behave, and many traits are usually thought of as being biologically created. A personality trait is more ingrained with an individual as with a person being introverted or extroverted, or less conscientious or more conscientious. Behaviors are typically viewed as resulting from a variety of sources including traits and situational context. For example, a highly conscientious person is more likely to engage in behaviors that lead to timely task completion than someone who is less conscientious because conscientiousness is associated with dutifulness. Employees who tend to be less conscientious may step up their game in situations where they have the opportunity to earn substantial performance-based bonuses than in situations where pay is the same regardless of performance differences. A behavior may have been learned from parents, from significant friends, or from a certain work environment. A behavior can be changed, but traits are usually more established. Desired behaviors may be appropriate as evaluation criteria because if they are recognized and rewarded, employees tend to repeat them. If certain behaviors result in desired outcomes, there is merit in using them in the evaluation process. Competencies refer to an individual's capability to orchestrate and apply combinations of knowledge, skills, and abilities consistently over time to perform work successfully in the required work situations. Competencies may be technical in nature, relate to interpersonal skills, or are business oriented. For example, analytical thinking and achievement orientation might be essential in professional jobs. The competencies selected for evaluation purposes should be those that are closely associated with job success.

Business

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Since 2001, TSAY Steel has replaced all its major manufacturing equipment and now has the following equipment recorded in the appropriate accounts. TSAY uses a calendar year as its fiscal year. A forge purchased January 1, 2000, for $100,000. Ordinary and necessary installation costs were $20,000, and the forge has an estimated 5-year life with a salvage value of $10,000. A grinding machine costing $45,000 purchased January 1, 2002. The machine has an estimated 5-year life with a salvage value of $5,000. A lathe purchased January 1, 2004 for $60,000. The lathe has an estimated 5-year life and a salvage value of $7,000. Using the straight-line depreciation method, TSAY's 2004 depreciation expense is:

a. $45,000 b. $40,334 c. $40,600 d. $40,848

Business

A focus group would most likely be used in the ________ stage of new product development

A) idea screening B) concept development C) test marketing D) commercialization E) business analysis

Business