Taking the initiative to write to a company even though they haven't announced a job opening is called what?

Melissa and Joanna have always focused on being efficient managers. What is the best advice you should give them, given the quick success they have had with Venus and the information provided in the scenario?

A. Efficiency is the only key to their continued success. B. Now it is time for them to consider only effectiveness, since they clearly have efficiency under control and this is not likely to change in the future. C. To continue their success, they should maintain a clear focus on both effectiveness and efficiency, especially while their company is experiencing such a high growth in sales. D. They should maintain the status quo without implementing any changes in order to continue making quick sales. E. As top-level managers, the best action plan for them is to carefully design the new items to assure these items are well accepted by the target consumers.

A special system that handles file management, security, input/output, and command execution and provides an application programming interface for a smart card best defines

A) networking operating system. B) mobile operating system. C) smart card operating system. D) BIOS.