Suppose you read in a popular magazine that college males and college females were asked to rate themselves in terms of how much they help their friends who have problems. The average score for the females was higher than the average score for the males. What would you conclude?
a. Females are more helpful than males, at least in helping their friends.
b. Other people think that females are more helpful than males.
c. Researcher expectancy was undoubtedly responsible for the gender difference.
d. Females report that they help their friends to a greater extent than males report that they help their friends; however, males and females may not differ in their actual helpful behaviors.
D
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Any stimulus that follows a behavior and decreases the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated is called a(n) ______
a. antecedent c. aversive stimulus b. punisher d. negative reinforcer
After you start to believe that someone is dangerous, you examine everything the person says or does for additional evidence of danger. In doing so, what are you demonstrating?
a. The framing effect b. Confirmation bias c. Near transfer d. Representativeness heuristic