Which of these types of individuals tend to be the least healthy?

Intelligence tests have effectively reduced discrimination in the sense that they have:

a. avoided questions that require familiarity with any specific culture. b. helped limit reliance on educators' subjectively biased judgments of students' academic potential. c. provided an objective measure of teaching effectiveness in different public school systems. d. done all the above.

Which of the following phenomena may explain why some people (men or women) stay in an unhealthy and/or abusive relationship even though they may truly want to leave?

a) associative learning b) instinctive drift c) the law of effect d) learned helplessness