The rulemaking process begins and ends with public notification

How might the Supreme Court decisions in Korematsu v. United States (1944), i

involving the Japanese internment, and in Boumediene v. Bush (2008), involving the detention of citizens and foreign nationals who were declared to be "enemy combatants," be viewed in retrospect? a. Both decisions might be viewed as upholding important constitutional principles. b. The first might be viewed as a step toward protecting civil rights of citizens, and the second as a step backward in the struggle for civil rights protection. c. Both decisions might be viewed as hindering the civil rights of citizens. d. The first might be viewed as a missed opportunity for the Supreme Court to protect civil rights, and the second as a step toward protecting civil rights.

Attitudinal barriers, such as fear of wasting a vote or electoral preference for policy moderation, have thwarted __________

a. the rise of minority parties b. the number of people interested in running for office c. the effectiveness of the electoral college d. an effective two-party system